Bill Roth

Things I have no choice but to write

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Leak Detection with Flume: Digital Water Meters

There are several ways to lower your water bill. One is conservation, or simply using less water. Another way to lower your water bill is to make sure the cost of the water is low, so the user’s bill remains low. (More on that in a future post). But one topic almost rarely gets covered. Leaks.

Most of the meters in Santa Clara County are old-school mechanical meters. However, it seems San Jose Water has approval to update our meters to newer, digital ones. I can find no information on the wider rollout of newer meters. If you know anything about this, please comment below.

A couple of years back, my water bill was kept going up, and I could not figure out why. At the time I was mostly living alone, as this was during the pandemic. My daughters were in college or away working. I could not find any obvious leaks. Like the good nerd that I am, I looked to technology for answers. I found Flume.

For the record: this is not a product review. I’m merely relaying my experience with one of the commercial products. It worked for me, but your mileage may vary.

About Flume

Flume is a box you attach to your water meter, a wireless bridge, and an app on your phone. I have had mine for about 2 years. The installation is very simple. You strap the box to your water meter at the street level, and connect it to the gateway. The gateway is a box I have sitting on my window sill, and it bridges between the device and my wifi network. Finally, You use the app to connect your gateway to your home’s Wi-Fi.

Science Fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke once said, “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Flume is like this. When you install the box, you strap it to your mechanical water meter. Somehow it figures out how your water is flowing through a meter just by being strapped to it. It’s magic. It seems to accurate +/- 5%. However, the measurement of water used indoor vs. outdoor is not accurate, since I don’t use water outdoors generally.

Flume Screenshot

My Experience with Flume

I let it run for a day, and it told me it was likely a leak from a toilet. And it was correct. I isolated the toilet that was leaking and called my friend Mike The Plumber. Mike fixed it quickly. My water usage dropped by half the next month.

Flume also has decent analytics. It will allow you to graph water use by the minute(!), hour, day, week and month. If you like line and bar graphs, you’ll love this app. The notifications are great too. The flume app will tell you on days when you are using more than the normal amount of water. It will also email you as well. You get to choose. I find this super helpful.

In summary, if you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it. This is something I live by in my personal and professional life. Flume helps me with managing my water usage. It also helps me lower my water bills as well. In my view, this only strengthens the need for smart water meters. It is also a great conservation tool. If you have questions, contact me here.

If you’d like to keep up to date on my campaign, subscribe below.

Clean Water Lab Almost Done!

Friends: Here’s an update on the water lab, which I have written about here, and here. As you know, I have been working on raising money for clean water in Nicaragua for a while. I got an email from Brian, down in Nicaragua, that the water lab is 99% done! See the photos below. This is all part of the Water for Chinandega project, which aims to deliver clean water to an entire region in Nicaragua. This is great news for a great project. As always, if you have questions, please contact me.

I have written about it here, and here. I just heard from Brian in Chinandega that the lab is almost 99% done! I have attached some pictures that he took TODAY! One more step to being able to scale our efforts to provide Water for Chinandega!

What is the Santa Clara Valley Water District?

One of the questions we receive frequently in this campaign is “What is the Santa Clara Valley Water District?”. Simply put, Santa Clara Valley Water District is Santa Clara County’s local integrated water services agency. This means that it has several specific roles involving water in our county as part of its core missions. For the most part, Santa Clara Valley Water District is the “water wholesaler” in the county. This means that it manages the county’s water resources, and then sells that water to entities that sell that water to you, like San Jose Water and the City of Santa Clara.

The Water District is more commonly known as Valley Water. It’s website is at http://valleywater.org/. There is a decent history of how Valley Water came to be on Wikipedia.

Santa Clara Valley Water District

The Water District is unique among water agencies in that it has three principal goals: First, to supply water to the people of Santa Clara County; Second, to provide flood control for the county; Third, to protect and preserve the environment on land it owns. We’ll cover these in order.

Santa Clara Valley Water District supplies water to over 2 million residents and 15 cities in Santa Clara County, managing a vast network of infrastructure including 10 dams, reservoirs, 3 treatment plants, and over 150 miles of pipelines. They have a stated commitment to sustainability which extends to diverse water sources, including recycled water, surface water, and groundwater extraction from local aquifers. For more information on where Santa Clara Valley Water District gets its water, check out Where Does My Water Come From?.

Flood Protection

The Water District takes a proactive approach to flood prevention. They operate flood detention basins and maintain over 800 miles of waterways to protect communities from natural disasters. Their projects, like the Upper Guadalupe River Flood Protection project, aim to restore habitats while ensuring safety and flood resilience for businesses, homes, and schools. You can read more about the Stream Maintenance Program here.

Through watershed management and habitat restoration initiatives, Valley Water safeguards five major watersheds in Santa Clara County, preserving habitats for endangered species like the Red-legged Frog and Steelhead Trout. Its dedication to environmental protection ensures the longevity of our region’s ecosystems.

Addressing Challenges

There are a number of challenges facing water resource agencies in the western United States. These include avoiding over-extraction, adapting to climate change, and educating the community about its work and also about the incentives it can offer to improve conservation and water usage.

Over-Extraction Mitigation

Recognizing the challenges of over-extraction, we’re committed to managing groundwater sustainably to prevent land subsidence and ensure a reliable water supply for future generations. Our efforts include monitoring water levels, implementing conservation measures, and promoting responsible water use.

Climate Change Adaptation

In response to climate change impacts such as droughts and severe weather events, the District has developed the Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP). This comprehensive strategy focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, expanding renewable energy, and enhancing water supply and flood protection measures to build resilience in our community.

Community Engagement and Education

One major challenge is teaching residents of the county what the Water District does. The District engages with the community through educational programs, virtual events, and school initiatives to promote water conservation, environmental stewardship, and public health. In addition, there are marketing programs to let residents know about the various rebates that exist for things like landscape conversion, conservation, and rainwater capture.

In summary, the Santa Clara Valley Water District is Santa Clara County’s $1.4 Billion/year1 integrated water service agency. As a public agency seprate from the County of Santa Clara, it has a three-part mandate of ensuring water supply, flood protection, and environmental stewardship of creeks and watersheds. It is the “water wholesaler” for the county, which means it manages the counties public water related resources, and sells water to retailers, like San Jose Water, who in turn, sell it to you, the consumer.

I am running for a seat on the Board of Directors for the Santa Clara Valley Water District to make sure we keep water rates as low as possible, and to deliver safe and clean water to Santa Clara County for generations to come. For more information about my campaign, sign up for our newsletter below.

  1. in revenue terms, based on the proposed budget for 2025. ↩︎

Places to look for Silicon Valley Jobs: May ’24 update

This is a list of sites with folks that are hiring these days. If you have questions, DM me on twitter/X at @wgroth2.

New: General Catalyst: They just raised a $6B fund: https://jobs.generalcatalyst.com/companies

New: AndreessenHorowitz: New $7.2B fund: https://jobs.a16z.com/jobs

http://sequoiacap.com/jobs (Great job portfolio site)

https://jobs.forgepointcap.com/jobs (VC portfolio, cyber and natsec related)

List of big deals(Companies hire after getting funded): https://news.crunchbase.com/biggest-us-vc-startup-funding-deals-2023

In-Q-Tel: https://careers-iqt.icims.com/jobs/search (CIA funded.)

http://stillhiring.today/ A google related list (May be a zombie site)

This is an updated version of this post.

(Update: My full list of collected job sites is here.)

The Threat is Real: Another Water Hack

The threat is real. Small Texas towns have had their water system hacked by a Russian Hacking group. You can find a cluster of news stories here.

In short, a series of cyberattacks targeted small towns in rural Texas, with one incident causing the water system to overflow. The attacks, attributed to a Russian hacktivist group called CyberArmyofRussia_Reborn, aimed at public utilities, raising concerns about the vulnerability of U.S. water systems. I have written about this previously related to hacks in Pennsylvania, and Hawaii.

In Hale Center and Muleshoe, attempts to breach the water systems were thwarted by manual intervention after the cities detected suspicious activity. Similar attacks in Lockney were also prevented. While the incidents didn’t pose immediate dangers, they underscored the need for improved cybersecurity measures in critical infrastructure. The FBI and Department of Homeland Security were notified but declined to comment on ongoing investigations. Both the FBI and DHS issued a warning about potential attacks in March.

Previous attacks on U.S. water facilities, including those attributed to Iranian state groups, prompted calls for stronger cybersecurity measures from government officials. The Environmental Protection Agency urged governors to assess cybersecurity risks and plan for potential cyberattacks on water supplies.

Valley Water needs to have a comprehensive cybersecurity policy. Moreover, it needs someone on the board of directors who understands the issues and the seriousness of the threat. Bill Roth is the candidate the board needs.

CNN: Officials Warn of Cyberattacks on Water

(Updated March 24)

CNN reported on March 19th about Biden administration officials highlighting concerns over cyberattacks targeting our nation’s critical water infrastructure. As I’ve discussed previously, reflecting on incidents in Hawaii and Pennsylvania, the threat to our water systems is both real and escalating.

The White House and EPA are now urging governors to bolster cybersecurity measures for water and wastewater systems. This comes amid revelations that many facilities lack fundamental protections against cyber threats, with recent breaches by state-sponsored hackers underscoring the urgency.

In response, a task force has been initiated to pinpoint and address vulnerabilities. However, despite these efforts, challenges remain, particularly with the implementation of regulatory protections.

The Santa Clara Valley Water District deserves a board member who not only recognizes the gravity of these cyber threats but is also prepared to take decisive action. I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to our Board of Directors, ensuring our community’s water security against these evolving cyber risks. Do you have cybersecurity questions, comments or concerns? Contact me here.

Update 1: March 24th

Newsweek also has a story on this announcement as well. Newsweek covers Iranian cyberattacks in more detail then CNN, and does not mention China. It also mentions the Aliquippa cyberattack, but makes no mention of the recent attach in Hawaii.

Want Proof Your Ballot Has Been Counted?

There is a cool feature in California, which sends you a notification when you ballot has been mailed, received, and counted. Where’s My Ballot, is a feature from the Secretary of State.

I signed up years ago, and I always forget about it. But I dropped my ballot off at the Willow Glen library on Wednesday, and Thursday night got an email that it had been received AND counted. I love it when democracy works! Check it out: https://WheresMyBallot.sos.ca.gov.

Breach and Ransomware Strategy at Valley Water

Today’s article on Reuters about the breach at UnitedHealth got me thinking. When you look at Valley Water’s website, the words “breach” (related to cyber-security) and “ransomware” do not occur when you search for them. Valley Water needs to do better to improve communication. We need to know how they’re going to alert us to breaches of our data (because we are citizens of the county and it is our data) and what protections they have in place against ransomware attacks. Proactive communication about cybersecurity preparedness and incident response plans can serve as a critical step in safeguarding the community’s data against sophisticated cyber threats. Blackcat is one of many groups out there engaging in this activity. 

There are plenty of good solutions on the market, we need to be assured that they’re ready.

As a policy matter, I would like to see a public statement, on a web page which gives the rough outlines of how they are protecting our critical infrastructure. Just enough to give confidence to the rate-payers, but not enough for the hackers to get any ideas.

Agree or disagree? Let me know. Feel free to add your comments or thoughts below.

🌟 A Call to Action for Progress 🌟

Dear Friends, Family, and Supporters,

As I stand for election to the Santa Clara County Democratic Central Committee, I’m reaching out to share my vision and to ask for your support on this journey. My commitment to our community’s well-being, equality, and progress has never been stronger. I’m running because I believe in our collective power to make a difference in the lives of every resident in our community.

✨ Why I’m Running:

To Advocate for You: My primary goal is to represent your needs and concerns, ensuring they are heard and addressed at every level.
Experience and Dedication: With a history of involvement in our community’s growth and well-being, I understand the challenges we face and have the experience to navigate them.
A Future Built Together: My vision is for a more inclusive, just, and sustainable community. I am committed to policies that protect our environment, foster economic growth, and promote social justice.


🗳️ This Election Matters:

Your vote is powerful. It’s a testament to our democratic values and our shared aspirations for the future. I’m asking for your vote not just as an endorsement of my candidacy but as a commitment to the values we share and the future we envision together.

I truly believe we’re in a battle. Not between Democrats and Republicans, Liberals and Conservatives, but between those who believe in our system and those who want to tear it down. A vote in the primary a statement that you believe in our American System.

🙏 Your Support is Crucial:

Spread the Word: Share this post with friends and family. Your voice can amplify our message and bring more supporters to our cause. Share this message with others. Subscribe to my newsletter about the local party.
Get Involved: There are many ways to contribute to our campaign, from volunteering to hosting virtual events. Every action counts. Contact me, or volunteer locally.
Vote: Make your plan to vote. Every vote brings us closer to our goal of a community that works for everyone. Make sure you and your friends and family are registered.

I am here to serve, to listen, and to act. Together, we can achieve extraordinary things. Join me in this campaign for a brighter, more inclusive Santa Clara County. Let’s make our voices heard and our votes count.

Thank you for your support, your trust, and your vote.

With gratitude,

Bill Roth

#BillRothForSCCDCC #CommunityFirst #VoteForChange #DemocraticValues #SantaClaraCounty

Google Display Ad Sizes for 2024

What Google Display Ad Sizes should I use? Creating on-line ads can be confusing, and the amount of assets you have to provide is getting more and more confusing. I have written about this before for mobile traffic.

Based on extensive research, it seems that the following asset sizes are key to building out a wide ranging campaign:

Google Display Ad Sizes 2024

  • 120×600
  • 250×250
  • 300×250
  • 320×50
  • 320×100
  • 336×280
  • 728×90
  • 960×1200
  • 1280×628
  • 1200×1200
  • 628×1200
Google Ad sizes from Pexels

Video lengths and sizes

  • 30 second video in 16:9
  • For Social Media
    • Square format
    • 9×16 portrait for things like Reels and Instagram

Sources

Top Mobile Ad Sizes for 2024

From my research here are the top performing ads to use in 2024, with an emphasis on mobile:

  • Mobile Leaderboard – 320 x 50
  • Medium Rectangle – 300 x 250
  • Leaderboard – 728 x 90
  • Wide Skyscraper – 160 x 600
  • Large Rectangle -336×280
  • Square – 250×250
  • Large Mobile Banner – 320 x 100

Water District Hacked in Hawaii

A Washington Post article pointed out that there is more nation-state interference in critical infrastructure in the United States. I have written on this topic before. Another Water District has been hacked in Hawaii by the group labeled Volt Typhoon. Although reports suggest that no damage occurred, this does not eliminate the threat.

The Threat is Real

The Post estimates that several facilities have been infiltrated over the last 2 years. Many of the entities attacked fall into the category of critical infrastructure, like water systems, power grids, and power generation facilities. Many of the systems are targets of opportunity. That is, critical infrastructure facilities whose cybersecurity is lax, or where they have vulnerabilities they are not aware of. For example, the breach an Aliquippa Power happened because of an unknown vulnerability in both billing systems as well as the computerized control of their facilities known as SCADA systems.

image of water system hacker

While the Aliquippa and Hawaii hacks appear to be related to foreign actors, many serious hacks are perpetrated by current or former insiders, like the hack of the water treatment facilities in Discovery Bay California, in 2021. Water Districts need to have rigorous security protocols for both external and internal threats.

Advanced Persistent Threats

Many of the attacks from foreign actors as what’s know as advanced persistent threats.

An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a sophisticated and targeted cyber attack in which an unauthorized user or group gains unauthorized access to a network and remains undetected for an extended period. The “advanced” aspect refers to the use of sophisticated techniques, tools, and strategies to breach security defenses, while the “persistent” aspect indicates the intruder’s ability to maintain a long-term presence within the compromised system.

APTs are typically conducted by well-funded and highly skilled threat actors, often with specific objectives such as stealing sensitive information, conducting espionage, or disrupting critical operations. These attacks often involve a combination of social engineering, zero-day exploits, malware, and other advanced tactics to compromise and maintain access to a target network.

Unlike more opportunistic and short-term cyber attacks, APTs are characterized by their stealth, patience, and determination. The attackers often adapt their strategies to evade detection, regularly updating their tools and techniques to exploit vulnerabilities and avoid security measures. Defending against APTs requires a multi-layered and proactive approach, including robust cybersecurity measures, continuous monitoring, and incident response capabilities.

What does this really mean? Foreign actors who infiltrate a water system are content to sit and wait or do reconnaissance. That is, until the time comes when they receive the signal to move from reconnaissance to attack.

This is reminiscent of the old saying in Cybersecurity, “There are two types of people: Those who have been hacked, and those who do not know they have been hacked.”

CyberSecurity Knowledge is Desperately Needed

As I have mentioned in previous articles, the threat to life and property in Santa Clara County is significant and should not be underestimated. The Santa Clara Valley Water District needs a Director who understands the threat to our watersheds and water systems and can give it the oversight it deserves. Bill Roth is the candidate to do that.

Help Fund a New Water Lab in Chinandega

Friends, as you know, I’ve been raising money for Amigos for Christ projects for over 10 years. We have raised money for over 15,000 doses of anti-parasite medication, a generator for a school, and for a urinalysis lab to improve the health of my friends in Nicaragua.

Water Lab

In addition, As many of you know, Amigos for Christ does great work in delivering clean water, health, sanitation, and business opportunities to the people of Northwestern Nicaragua. One of their most ambitious projects to date, is the Water For Chinandega which hopes to bring water to over 100,000 people in rural Northwestern Nicaragua, a place very near and dear to my heart.

Amigos’ Latest Need: A Water Lab

Morgan and Brian of Amigos have reached out to me to help raise awareness for the need for a new water lab for the Water for Chinandega. See their slide presentation here. It’s pretty convincing.

So now The Ask: If you can give to help out the lab, please donate here. It all helps. If you have questions, reach out to me.

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